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  • Serious error in a Cochrane Review. Following the recommendations of the published review could result in harm to patients or populations of interest (other than known adverse effects); and/or the reported treatment effect is inconsistent with the real effect shown in the reported data.
  • Confirmed serious error in a Cochrane Review as a direct result of the retraction of an included study. This could occur if studies included in a Cochrane Review are retracted from publication, and an analysis shows that the removal of the retracted studies from the analyses in the Cochrane Review could lead to a serious error (defined above). See related policy on [scientific misconduct]
  • Scientific misconduct in the Cochrane Review. This could refer to fraud or other scientific misconduct in the preparation of the review. See related policies on [scientific misconduct], and [plagiarism].

Withdrawal followed by republication

The Editors may accept for publication a revised version of a Cochrane Review that addresses the issues raised in the withdrawn notice. Any such version will be re-evaluated using standard Cochrane editorial process, and may then be approved for publication (as a separate, subsequent version) in consultation with the Editor in ChiefWithdrawing a Cochrane Review generates a new citation version. For Cochrane Reviews, this includes a new entry in PubMed.

Protocols for Cochrane Reviews

Protocols that have not been converted into full Cochrane Reviews within two years of publication should generally be withdrawn from the CDSR.

Withdrawing a protocol for a Cochrane Review generates a new citation version.

Up to 16 December 2014, withdrawn protocols were removed from the CDSR after one issue of publication. From this date onwards, withdrawn protocols remain published to maintain the public record of publication and to complement the inclusion in PROSPERO.

Published Cochrane Reviews (including protocols) are not removed from the CDSR when they are retracted or archived using the “withdrawn” publishing event. (Up to 16 December 2014, withdrawn protocols were removed from the CDSR after one issue of publication. From this date onwards, withdrawn protocols remain published to maintain the public record of publication and to complement the inclusion of protocols in PROSPERO[change link to point to EPPR Prospero].) A Cochrane Review may be retracted temporarily (suspended) and then republished once it is considered satisfactory by the authors, the CRG's editorial team, and the Editor in Chief; otherwise it will remain retracted. Published versions that precede a retracted/archived version are available in the CDSR by clicking on the ‘Other versions’ tab in the article.

Withdrawal followed by republication

The Editors may accept for publication a revised version of a Cochrane Review that addresses the issues raised in the withdrawn notice. Any such version will be re-evaluated using standard Cochrane editorial process, and may then be approved for publication (as a separate, subsequent version) in consultation with the Editor in ChiefThe publication of a retraction (withdrawn) statement generates a new citation version. For Cochrane Reviews, this includes a new entry in PubMed.

Display of published withdrawn articles

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