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Vocabularies for P
For age and sex, MeSH ranges and headings are used.
Terms for the the "Condition" portion of P are drawn from 2 standard vocabularies - MedDRA and SNOMED CT. All of the terms from MedDRA are available for P annotation, but only selected subsets of SNOMED have been included. If you find term in SNOMED that you feel would be applicable for annotation of a Condition, but you cannot access the term in the P part of the PICO-annotator, please flag it as a vocabulary issue so that we can investigate the possibility of adding it (along with related terms from SNOMED CT).
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Many interventions (especially at the review level) involve categories of drugs rather than single agents - antibiotics, vitamins, analgesics, etc. RxNorm only lists individual drugs or drug combinations and has no codes for drug categories. We are therefore only using WHO ATC and SNOMED CT for categories. See How to understand the WHO structure for details on how this vocabulary is structured.
Individual drugs
Since both RxNorm and WHO / ATC have terms for individual drugs, either one can be used to annotate a drug intervention. HoweverHowever, the terms in WHO / ATC are linked to drug categories while the terms in RxNorm are not. Because of this, a drug with multiple uses may appear more than once in different parts of the WHO / ATC vocabulary tree. In In cases where there are several options to choose from, for instance one or more WHO ATC codes and an RXNorm code, then it is best to use the most appropriate WHO ATC codes rather than the RxNorm code. If you are not sure which one to choose, use the RxNorm code.
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Terms for all non-drug interventions are drawn from SNOMED CT. As with P, we we have included only selected subsets of this vocabulary. If you find term in SNOMED that you feel would be applicable for annotation of a non-drug intervention, but you cannot access the term in the I or C part of the PICO - annotator, please flag it as a vocabulary issue so that we can investigate the possibility of adding it (along with related terms).
Vocabularies for O
We were unable to find Originally there was not a controlled vocabulary that fit well for all outcomes. However, as we gained experience with annotation, we realized However, during the annotation process, it became clear that many of the terms used in the Conditions section of P were also applicable to outcomes. We have therefore include Therefore, the same controlled vocabulary terms in O that are available in P (MedDRA and portions of SNOMED CT) are now available in Outcomes.
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